The learning desk · State map
What is happening, state by state
Data-center decisions are made locally. This map shades each state by how the fight is going, and opens to the projects, votes, moratoriums and dates behind it.
- Strongly opposed
- Leaning opposed
- Divided
- Leaning supportive
- Strongly supportive
- Tracked, under 3 rated records: too few to score (the number is its record count)
- No records
Source: Singularity Farmer US data-center tracker · updated . How the score works
- 1 record
- 2–3 records
- 4–7 records
- 8 or more records
- No records
The number on a state is its count of tracked records, past and cancelled ones included.
Source: Singularity Farmer US data-center tracker · updated . How the score works
- Source pending: no data delivered yet
Source: Source pending. How the score works
Read the shading with care. Only 8 of 51 states have enough rated records (3 or more) for a score. The tracker follows 22 states: the 14 without a score are hatched and show their record count, so they are on the map, just not scored yet. Switch to Activity to see how much is tracked in every state, past and cancelled projects included.
States
Most negative first. This table is also the text alternative to the map. Every tracked state is listed, scored or not.
| AI sentiment | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Californiaactive fight | -1.00 Strongly opposed3 rated records | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | Source pending |
| Floridaactive fight | -1.00 Strongly opposed3 rated records | 3 | 2 | 1 | 1 | Source pending |
| Coloradoactive fight | -0.75 Strongly opposed4 rated records | 4 | 2 | — | — | Source pending |
| Wisconsinactive fight | -0.75 Strongly opposed4 rated records | 4 | 1 | 1 | 1 | Source pending |
| Ohioactive fight | -0.74 Strongly opposed19 rated records | 19 | 1 | 21 | 3 | Source pending |
| Missouriactive fight | -0.50 Strongly opposed6 rated records | 6 | 1 | — | — | Source pending |
| Kansasactive fight | -0.27 Leaning opposed11 rated records | 13 | 5 | 3 | 8 | Source pending |
| Illinoisactive fight | +0.43 Leaning supportive7 rated records | 7 | — | 7 | 1 | Source pending |
| Michiganactive fight | 2 records: too few to score | 2 | — | — | 1 | Source pending |
| North Carolinaactive fight | 2 records: too few to score | 2 | 2 | — | 2 | Source pending |
| Pennsylvaniaactive fight | 2 records: too few to score | 2 | — | — | — | Source pending |
| Texasactive fight | 2 records: too few to score | 2 | 1 | — | — | Source pending |
| Arizonaactive fight | 1 record: too few to score | 1 | 1 | — | — | Source pending |
| Georgiaactive fight | 1 record: too few to score | 1 | — | — | — | Source pending |
| Kentuckyactive fight | 1 record: too few to score | 1 | — | — | — | Source pending |
| Marylandactive fight | 1 record: too few to score | 1 | 1 | — | — | Source pending |
| Montana | 1 record: too few to score | 1 | — | — | — | Source pending |
| Nebraska | 1 record: too few to score | 1 | — | — | — | Source pending |
| Nevadaactive fight | 1 record: too few to score | 1 | — | 1 | 1 | Source pending |
| New Hampshireactive fight | 1 record: too few to score | 1 | — | — | — | Source pending |
| Oklahomaactive fight | 1 record: too few to score | 1 | — | — | 1 | Source pending |
| Virginia | 1 record: too few to score | 1 | — | — | — | Source pending |
29 more states have no records in the tracker yet. Start with Kansas →
Coming up
Every dated hearing, vote, deadline and meeting in the tracker and the weekly Hump Day recap, soonest first. Where Singularity Farmer has posted about a date on X, the row carries a badge linking to the post. Past dates move to their state page, labelled as past. Times are as published; the records do not always give a zone.
22 dates coming up.
Tue Oct 6
- Meeting
Aligned public meeting, Amber-Pocasset High School
near Amber (unincorporated), Grady County · Oklahoma · Project record
- Meeting
Wed Oct 7
- Hearing
Third/final public hearing, Gunning Rec Center, 16700 Puritas Ave, 6–8 PM ET
6:00 PM · Cleveland, Cuyahoga County · Ohio · Project record · Source ↗
- Hearing
Mon Oct 12
- Hearing
Public hearing on extending moratorium through Oct 11, 2027
Charlotte, Mecklenburg County · North Carolina · Project record · Source ↗
- Hearing
Wed Oct 14
- Court
Court hearing on petition lawsuit
Osawatomie, Miami County · Kansas · Project record
- Court
Thu Oct 15
- Meeting
City Council regular meeting
7:00 PM · De Soto, Johnson County · Kansas · Project record · Source ↗
- Meeting
Tue Oct 20
- Court
Court hearing on validity of ban initiative
Ottawa, Franklin County · Kansas · Project record
- Meeting
Current permit freeze scheduled to expire (council may extend once by 3 months)
Cleveland, Cuyahoga County · Ohio · Project record · Source ↗
- Court
Wed Oct 21
- Meeting
Comprehensive Plan public workshop, Senior Center Room, 32905 W. 84th St.
6:00 PM · De Soto, Johnson County · Kansas · Project record · Source ↗
- Meeting
Fri Oct 23
- Deadline
EGLE wastewater permit public comment deadline
Saline Township, Washtenaw County · Michigan · Project record
- Deadline
Mon Oct 26
- Hearing
Public hearing on proposed 4-month data center moratorium; separate later meeting will vote
Davidson County · North Carolina · Project record · Source ↗
- Hearing
Tue Oct 27
- Meeting
Planning Commission regular meeting
6:00 PM · De Soto, Johnson County · Kansas · Project record · Source ↗
- Meeting
Sat Oct 31
- Meeting
'Hometown Table' informal conversation with council
10:00 AM · De Soto, Johnson County · Kansas · Project record · Source ↗
- Meeting
Tue Nov 3
- Vote
- Vote
Prohibit New Data Centers Amendment
Edgewater · Florida · Project record · Source ↗
1 measures
- Edgewater: Prohibit New Data Centers Amendment
- Vote
7 local data-center measures on the ballot
Bloomington, Chouteau (Madison County), Granite City (Madison County), Joliet (Will County), Morgan, Nameoki (Madison County), Venice (Madison County) · Illinois · Project record
7 measures
- Bloomington: Data Center Moratorium Advisory Measure
- Chouteau (Madison County): Permit Data Centers Advisory Measure
- Granite City (Madison County): Permit Data Centers Advisory Measure
- Joliet (Will County): Construction of AI Data Centers Advisory Question
- Morgan: Data Center Construction and Operation Advisory Measure
- Nameoki (Madison County): Permit Data Centers Advisory Measure
- Venice (Madison County): Permit Data Centers Advisory Measure
- Vote
3 local data-center measures on the ballot
Emporia, Ottawa, El Dorado · Kansas · Project record
3 measures
- Emporia: Prohibit High Impact Data Centers Initiative
- Ottawa: Prohibit Data Centers Initiative
- El Dorado: Prohibit Data Centers and Battery Energy Storage Systems Initiative
- Vote
- Vote
21 local data-center measures on the ballot
Ashville, Wilmington, Conneaut, Defiance, Granville, Grove City, Hubbard, Monroe (Adams County), Monroeville, Oregon, Pataskala, Perry, Piqua, Sprigg (Adams County), Sunbury, Trenton, Upper Sandusky, Urbana · Ohio · Project record
21 measures
- Ashville: Data Center Development Term Summary Referendum
- Wilmington: 1957 SR 730 Light Industrial Zoning Referendum
- Wilmington: McGuinn Road Light Industrial Zoning Referendum
- Wilmington: SR 730 Light Industrial Zoning Referendum
- Wilmington: US 68 South Light Industrial Zoning Referendum
- Conneaut: Issue 10
- Defiance: Prohibit Data Center Construction Initiative
- Granville: Prohibit Data Center Construction Initiative
- Grove City: Issue 28
- Hubbard: Prohibit Data Centers Initiative
- Monroe (Adams County): Zoning Regulations Initiative
- Monroeville: Allow Data Center Development Advisory Measure
- Oregon: Prohibit Data Center Construction Over 25 Megawatts Initiative
- Pataskala: Prohibit Data Centers Initiative
- Perry: Issue 16
- Piqua: Prohibit Data Center Construction Initiative
- Sprigg (Adams County): Zoning Regulations Initiative
- Sunbury: Prohibit Construction of Data Centers Initiative
- Trenton: Issue 17
- Upper Sandusky: Data Center Construction Prohibition Charter Amendment
- Urbana: Prohibit Construction of Data Centers Initiative
- Vote
Require Voter Approval for Development of GM/JATCO Site Exceeding $450 Million Initiative
Janesville · Wisconsin · Project record · Source ↗
1 measures
- Janesville: Require Voter Approval for Development of GM/JATCO Site Exceeding $450 Million Initiative
Thu Nov 19
- Hearing
City Council public hearing on Digital Realty TIF Project Plan 3 (Resolution 2104 schedules hearing; agenda item 4d on Oct 1 sets the date). Development agreement / project approval still separate and not yet scheduled.
De Soto, Johnson County · Kansas · Project record · Source ↗
- Hearing
Tue Feb 2
- Vote
Special election primary for recalled seat
Independence, Jackson County · Missouri · Project record
- Vote
Tue Apr 6
- Vote
Special general election
Independence, Jackson County · Missouri · Project record
- Vote
Date not yet set
- Kansas · De Soto, Johnson County: Expected award of independent noise-consultant contract (final report ~April 2027) (2026-10 (first week))
- Kansas · Wakarusa area (unincorporated, south Topeka), Shawnee County: Planning Commission hearing not yet scheduled (Oct 12 PC agenda has no data center items) (TBD)
- Texas · Lubbock, Lubbock County: Two public hearings on moratorium (TBD)
On the ballot Nov 3
35 local data-center measures in 7 states. Legal effect is pending in some places; each row links to its source.
| State | Where | Measure |
|---|---|---|
| California | Alhambra | Measure DB ↗Prohibit data centers in the city |
| Florida | Edgewater | Prohibit New Data Centers Amendment ↗Prohibit new data centers from being approved, constructed, expanded, or operated within Edgewater |
| Illinois | Bloomington | Data Center Moratorium Advisory Measure ↗Advise the city to impose a moratorium on building large-scale data centers |
| Illinois | Chouteau (Madison County) | Permit Data Centers Advisory Measure ↗Advise officials to permit the construction and operation of new data centers in the township |
| Illinois | Granite City (Madison County) | Permit Data Centers Advisory Measure ↗Advise officials to permit the construction and operation of new data centers in the township |
| Illinois | Joliet (Will County) | Construction of AI Data Centers Advisory Question ↗Advise the city to approve the construction of AI data centers |
| Illinois | Morgan | Data Center Construction and Operation Advisory Measure ↗Advise county to impose restrictions on building and operating data centers |
| Illinois | Nameoki (Madison County) | Permit Data Centers Advisory Measure ↗Advise officials to permit the construction and operation of new data centers in the township |
| Illinois | Venice (Madison County) | Permit Data Centers Advisory Measure ↗Advise officials to permit the construction and operation of new data centers in the township |
| Kansas | El Dorado | Prohibit Data Centers and Battery Energy Storage Systems Initiative ↗Prohibit construction of High Impact Data Centers and Type 2 and Type 3 battery energy storage systems |
| Kansas | Emporia | Prohibit High Impact Data Centers Initiative ↗Prohibits the construction of high impact data centers in the city |
| Kansas | Ottawa | Prohibit Data Centers Initiative ↗Prohibit the construction of data centers that use more than 25 megawatts of power |
| Nevada | Boulder City | Question 1 ↗Allow data centers within the Eldorado Valley Transfer Area |
| Ohio | Ashville | Data Center Development Term Summary Referendum ↗Uphold a term summary to guide negotiations between the Village of Ashville and EdgeConneX regarding two data center |
| Ohio | Conneaut | Issue 10 ↗Prohibit the construction of data centers with an aggregate monthly electrical demand or peak load greater than 25 megawatts |
| Ohio | Defiance | Prohibit Data Center Construction Initiative ↗Prohibit the construction of data centers with an aggregate demand or peak load greater than 25 megawatts |
| Ohio | Granville | Prohibit Data Center Construction Initiative ↗Prohibit the construction of data centers |
| Ohio | Grove City | Issue 28 ↗Require voter approval for developments, expansions, or property transfers involving at least 50 contiguous acres, more than 20 megawatts of peak electrical demand, or more than 500,000 gallons of water per day |
| Ohio | Hubbard | Prohibit Data Centers Initiative ↗Prohibit data centers within city limits |
| Ohio | Monroe (Adams County) | Zoning Regulations Initiative ↗Establish zoning regulations in unincorporated areas |
| Ohio | Monroeville | Allow Data Center Development Advisory Measure ↗Advise officials to allow data center development within the village limits |
| Ohio | Oregon | Prohibit Data Center Construction Over 25 Megawatts Initiative ↗Prohibit the construction of data centers with an aggregate monthly demand or peak load greater than 25 megawatts |
| Ohio | Pataskala | Prohibit Data Centers Initiative ↗Prohibit the construction of large-scale data centers |
| Ohio | Perry | Issue 16 ↗Require hyperscale data center developers seeking special tax incentives to provide financial guarantees |
| Ohio | Piqua | Prohibit Data Center Construction Initiative ↗Amend the Piqua City Charter to prohibit the construction of a data center in the city |
| Ohio | Sprigg (Adams County) | Zoning Regulations Initiative ↗Establish zoning regulations in unincorporated areas |
| Ohio | Sunbury | Prohibit Construction of Data Centers Initiative ↗Prohibit the construction of data centers with an aggregate monthly demand or peak electrical load greater than 25 megawatts |
| Ohio | Trenton | Issue 17 ↗Prohibit the construction of large-scale data centers |
| Ohio | Upper Sandusky | Data Center Construction Prohibition Charter Amendment ↗Prohibit the construction of a data center |
| Ohio | Urbana | Prohibit Construction of Data Centers Initiative ↗Prohibit the construction of data centers within city limits |
| Ohio | Wilmington | 1957 SR 730 Light Industrial Zoning Referendum ↗Uphold the rezoning of 65.29 acres at 1957 SR 730 from Rural Residential to Light Industrial |
| Ohio | Wilmington | McGuinn Road Light Industrial Zoning Referendum ↗Uphold the rezoning of 191.12 acres on McGuinn Road from Rural Residential to Light Industrial |
| Ohio | Wilmington | SR 730 Light Industrial Zoning Referendum ↗Uphold the rezoning of 119.373 acres on SR 730 from Rural Residential to Light Industrial |
| Ohio | Wilmington | US 68 South Light Industrial Zoning Referendum ↗Uphold the rezoning of 170.11 acres on US 68 South from Rural Residential to Light Industrial |
| Wisconsin | Janesville | Require Voter Approval for Development of GM/JATCO Site Exceeding $450 Million Initiative ↗Require voter approval before the city may lease, sell, transfer, or approve development of the undeveloped GM/JATCO site if the total project costs exceed $450 million |
Moratorium tracker
Moratoriums the tracker lists that have not expired. “Proposed” means the record’s own text says so; the tracker does not otherwise separate passed from pending.
| State | Jurisdiction | Scope | Through | Stage |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Arizona | Pima County (unincorporated) | new data center applications/permits | Jan 20, 2027 | On record |
| California | Los Angeles County (unincorporated) | large-scale data centers | temporary while permanent zoning pursued | On record |
| Colorado | Mesa County (unincorporated) | land-use applications for data center facilities | Sep 29, 2027 | On record |
| Colorado | Thornton | new data centers >~50,000 sq ft | ~12 months | On record |
| Florida | Marion County | data centers | Sep 15, 2027 | On record |
| Florida | Palm Beach County | hyperscale data centers | Oct 1, 2027 | On record |
| Kansas | El Dorado | data centers | Nov 30, 2026 | On record |
| Kansas | Franklin County | data center special use permits | Dec 31, 2028 | On record |
| Kansas | Lyon County | data centers (county) | Jan 22, 2027 | On record |
| Kansas | Miami County | data centers | Open-ended or not stated | On record |
| Kansas | Shawnee County | data centers | Feb 17, 2027 | On record |
| Maryland | Frederick County | new data center applications | Jul 1, 2027 | On record |
| Missouri | Pacific | data centers | Aug 4, 2027 | On record |
| North Carolina | Charlotte | data centers (proposed extension) | 2027-10-11 if adopted | Proposed |
| North Carolina | Davidson County | data centers (proposed) | 4 months if adopted | Proposed |
| Ohio | Cleveland | new/expanding standalone data center permits | 2026-10-20 (current schedule) | On record |
| Texas | Texas (state environmental permit review) | data center permits | pause pending additional scrutiny | Proposed |
| Wisconsin | Milwaukee | data centers (proposed 1 year) | Open-ended or not stated | Proposed |
How the score works
Score = (positive − negative) ÷ rated records. Each record with a stance_signal counts once: positive +1, negative −1, mixed 0. Range −1 (all negative) to +1 (all positive). Shown only when a state has at least 3 rated records; otherwise “Too few records”.
- What a record is. A project, a local ballot-measure jurisdiction or a local policy in the tracker. Each carries a
stance_signal(positive, mixed or negative), SF Researcher's read of local reception, checked against its dated sources. - Why a threshold. One or two records say little about a state. With fewer than 3 rated records a state shows “Too few records” rather than a colour.
- Active fights. A state counts when it has a live (not cancelled) project with a negative or mixed signal, an unexpired moratorium or a Nov 3 measure.
- AI sentiment. This layer is a placeholder. No per-state AI-sentiment source has been delivered, so every state is grey and nothing is estimated from other data. It will fill in when the source arrives.
Schema v1, built for 2026-10-02. Machine-readable copy: states.json.